Formal+Posting+2+Independent+India

**__Independent India?__** Background information and PowerPoint: 

**__Background Information__** **The history of the Republic of [|India] began on 26 January, 1950. The country became an independent [|dominion] within the [|British Commonwealth] 15 August 1947. George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George) was King until the Republic was proclaimed in 1950. Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of [|British India] was separated into the [|Dominion of Pakistan], by the [|partition of India]. The partition led to a [|population transfer] of more than 10 million people between India and Pakistan and the death of about one million people. [|Lord Louis Mountbatten], and later [|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari] served in the office of the [|Governor General of India]. [|Jawaharlal Nehru] became the first [|Prime Minister of India] and [|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel] became the [|Deputy Prime Minister of India] and its [|Minister of Home Affairs] .** On 26 January 1950, India became a [|republic] and a new [|constitution] came into effect under which India was established as a [|secular] and a [|democratic] state. In the years since independence India has made huge progress and coped with great problems, and has developed its industry and its agriculture, and has maintained a system of government which makes it the largest democracy in the world. The nation has faced challenges from [|religious violence], [|casteism] , [|naxalism] , [|terrorism] and regional separatist insurgencies, especially in [|Jammu and Kashmir] and northeastern India. The experience and meaning of ‘Independence’ varied dramatically across India. A complex mix of geographical location, ethnicity, religion, social-class and gender impacted upon both individuals and groups experience of independence.

**Below is a short British newsreel outlining the significance of Indian Independence, 15 August, 1947:**

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**__Source2: Video of Jawaharlah Nehru's Independence Day Speech, 15 August, 1947__**
 * __[|Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's Independence Day Speech and Transcript]__**

== **__Source 4__: __Extract from a interview in 1985/86 with Maya Rani for the documentary //Partition: A Division of Hearts// in Brian Hoepper //‘Global Voices 2’//(2009), Jacaranda, Milton, p.217.__** ==

== **__Source 5: Extract from a online comment by Jaydev Jani in 2004 on [] in Brian Hoepper //‘Global Voices 2’//(2009), Jacaranda, Milton, p.218.__** ==

**__Source 6__: __Map of the complex language of India 2001-2002 in Brian Hoepper //‘Global Voices 2’//(2009), Jacaranda, Milton, p.219.__**

**__Source 7__: __Film posters of //Mother India 1957// in Brian Hoepper //‘Global Voices 2’//(2009), Jacaranda, Milton, p.220.__**
The film ranks among the all-time Indian [|box office hits] and has been described as "an all-time Indian blockbuster" and "perhaps India's most revered film". [|[1]][|[2]] //Mother India// belongs to a small collection of films, including // [|Kismet] // (1943), // [|Mughal-e-Azam] // (1960), // [|Sholay] // (1975) and // [|Hum Aapke Hain Koun...!] // (1994) which continue to be watched daily throughout India and are considered to be definitive Hindi cultural film classics. The film was [|India's first submission] for the [|Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film] in 1958 and was chosen as one of the five nominations for the category. The film premiered at the Liberty cinema in [|Bombay] and in [|Calcutta] during [|Diwali] week on 25 October 1957 and ran for a whole year at the cinema. The film netted a reported [|Rs.] 1,06,35,95,000 (inflation-adjusted as of 2004), making it the [|highest grossing Bollywood film] ever at the time. The success of the film led to Khan naming his next film // [|Son of India] //. Released in 1962, it was not well received. media type="youtube" key="yNFPjvT5PJM" height="349" width="425"
 * //Mother India//** is a [|1957 Hindi film] epic, written and directed by [|Mehboob Khan] and starring [|Nargis], [|Sunil Dutt] , [|Rajendra Kumar] and [|Raaj Kumar] . The film, a [|melodrama] , is a remake of Mehboob Khan's earlier film, // [|Aurat] // (1940). It is the story of a poverty-stricken village woman named Radha who, amid many other trials and tribulations, struggles to raise her sons and survive against an evil money-lender. Despite her hardship, she sets a goddess-like moral example of what it means to be a [|Hindu] woman, yet kills her own criminal son at the end for the greater moral good. She represents India as a nation in the aftermath of [|independence].
 * You can watch Part 1 of the film Mother India (1957) below: **
 * [[image:National_Identity_Mother_India_FINAL.JPG width="800" height="825"]] **
 * [[image:National_Identity_Mother_India_FINAL.JPG width="800" height="825"]] **